DoElect

 SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) SCADA a system of software and hardware that allows industrial organization to industrial process locally and remotely. The basic SCADA architecture begins with programmable logic controllers (PLCs) or remote terminal units (RTU). PLCs and RTUs are microcomputers that communicate with an array of objects such as machines, electric motor, HMIs, sensors, and actuators and then route the information from those objects to computers with SCADA software. The SCADA software processes, distributes and displays the data, helping operators and other employees analyze the data and make important decisions. In most cases a SCADA system will consist of a PLC (serving as the master unit) and several RTUs (connecting to field devices) in remote and local location via several communication protocols and links. Hence, SCADA system are evaluated and judged noth only by the smooth performance of the RTUs, communication links, and the master station (a...

Insulation Resistance of Equipment's Electrical equipment/material has an insulation resistance property that needs to be monitored on a scheduled basis to avoid sudden breakdown of such equipment. A regular testing of electrical equipment insulation is strongly recommended to prevent electrical shock hazard to personnel, damage to equipment itself and other plant devices. When you buy a new electric motor or transformer etc the nature of the copper coil used in winding this equipment is still new because the copper winding has not been subjected to operating condition (except during factory acceptance testing) as operation condition will subject the winding to heat and insulation deterioration.  In fact, this is the same for electrical cable, a new cable (made of conductor and insulator). The conductor has a very good isolation/insulation to the insulator(PVC insulation) of its body but when the cable is subject to usage and as current follows through the cable increases, the cond...

 Most loads in modern electrical distribution network are inductive and resistive loads.  Resistive loads are loads that convert all form of energy to heat and they always have heating element incorporated in there design. Examples include: Incandescent bulb, heater, cooker etc. Resistive Load: Resistive loads require one type of current - - Working power (kW) which is used to perform the actual work of creating heat, light etc Inductive Load: Inductive loads are loads that operate base on the principle of electromagnetic induction. They always have coils in them.  Example includes: Transformers, electric motor, fan etc. When a current is supplied to an inductive load. It converts this current to magnetic using the coil inside it. Because it is an inductive load, current lags voltage by an angle of 90 degree. Inductive load requires two kinds of current: - Working power (kW) to perform useful and actual work of creating heat, motion, machine output etc - Reactive power (k...

Methods of Earthing In theory, the main power network does not have to be earthed and sometimes arguments are put forward that an unearthed network may be more reliable. In some cases this can be true, but generally an unearthed networks can be unreliable due to influence of electrical or some other factors. There are a number of ways in which an electrical power system can be operated – - Unearthed or insulated system - High impedance earthed and - Low impedance earthed arrangement Unearthed system/IT earthing system In this kind of installation, there is no formal connection to earth because there may be some high impedance connections for instrumentation e.g coil of a measuring device. Earthed vs Unearthed Electrical cable In some generators and transformers, the star point is solidly grounded. This is called Earthed Electrical system. In a three phase earthed system, phase to earth is 1.732(sqrt 3) is solidly earthed system higher than phase to phas...

A fault is an unattractive or unsatisfactory feature, especially in a piece of work or in a person's character. An electrical fault, however, can be as a result of  -                                                           Open Circuit Fault                                                          Overload Fault                                                           Short Circuit Fault OPEN CIRCUIT FAULT -  An open circuit fault is a type of fault that occurs as a result of an opening in a circuit. It is a type of circuit in whi...